Mortgage Products
The best mortgage option depends on what you are trying to do: buy a home, refinance, use equity, lower payment pressure, or compare options before making a long-term decision.
Before you decide
- Start with what you are trying to accomplish, not the loan name.
- Monthly payment, cash needed, equity, credit, property type, and timeline can all change the answer.
- A mortgage professional can help compare options, but it helps to understand the main choices first.
Start With Your Goal
If you are buying a home, the first question is what kind of payment, down payment, property, and timeline you can handle. If you already own the home, the first question is what you want to change: the payment, the rate, the cash available for repairs, or the way your home equity is being used.
Common Situations
- Buying a home may involve conventional, FHA, VA, USDA, or jumbo financing.
- Changing an existing mortgage may involve a refinance or cash-out refinance.
- Using home equity may involve a HELOC, home equity loan, cash-out refinance, or reverse mortgage.
- Planning for retirement may involve comparing a reverse mortgage, HELOC, refinance, selling, downsizing, waiting, or family support.
The right path is not just the product with the lowest advertised payment. It is the option that fits the household goal, qualification rules, property, costs, risks, and timeline.
Keep reading
A purchase loan helps a borrower buy a home and is evaluated through income, assets, credit, property, occupancy, down payment, and program-specific rules.
Refinance MortgagesA refinance replaces an existing mortgage with a new loan structure and should be evaluated by purpose, costs, payment change, equity, timeline, and break-even logic.
Cash-Out RefinanceA cash-out refinance replaces the existing mortgage with a new mortgage that is larger than the payoff amount, allowing the borrower to receive some equity as cash if eligible.
FHA LoansFHA loans are insured by the Federal Housing Administration and are commonly reviewed for borrowers who need flexible credit, down payment, or qualification rules.
Conventional LoansA conventional loan is a common home loan that is not insured by FHA, VA, or USDA. Lenders review credit, income, assets, the property, and how you plan to use the home.
VA LoansVA home loans are a benefit for eligible Veterans, Servicemembers, and certain surviving spouses, with private lenders making VA-backed loans under VA program rules.
USDA LoansUSDA guaranteed loans help approved lenders provide financing for eligible low- and moderate-income borrowers purchasing primary residences in eligible rural areas.
Jumbo LoansA jumbo loan is commonly used when the loan amount is above standard conforming loan limits, so lender rules can become especially important.
OccupancyOccupancy describes how the borrower intends to use the property, such as primary residence, second home, or investment property, and it can affect eligibility, pricing, and documentation.
Property TypeProperty type affects mortgage eligibility because single-family homes, condos, manufactured homes, multi-unit properties, and mixed-use properties can have different rules.
Mortgage ReservesMortgage reserves are eligible assets left after closing that may help show the borrower has funds available for future housing payments or unexpected costs.
Credit Score Basics for MortgagesCredit scores can affect mortgage eligibility, pricing, documentation, and product fit, but score alone does not determine the full approval decision.
Where this information comes from
Fannie Mae - agency
https://selling-guide.fanniemae.com/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development - official
https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/housing/sfh/handbook_4000-1U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs - official
https://www.benefits.va.gov/homeloans/U.S. Department of Agriculture - official
https://www.rd.usda.gov/programs-services/single-family-housing-programsReviewed by Nick Cunningham, NMLS #907393. Last reviewed 2026-06-07.
Educational information only. Not personal financial, legal, tax, or benefits advice.